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Hardware stamping is a process that uses punching machines and molds to deform or fracture stainless steel, iron, aluminum, copper, and other plates and dissimilar materials to achieve a certain shape and size. Hardware stamping is sometimes also known as sheet metal forming, but there are slight differences. The so-called sheet metal forming refers to using sheets, thin-walled pipes, thin profiles, and other raw materials as raw materials. The forming method of plastic processing is collectively referred to as sheet metal forming, and at this time, the deformation in the direction of the thick plate is generally not emphasized.
Hardware stamping process classification:
Stamping processes can be roughly divided into two categories: separation processes and forming processes (also known as bending, drawing, and forming). The separation process is to separate the stamped part and the blank along a certain contour line during the stamping process, and at the same time, the quality of the separated section of the stamped part must also meet certain requirements; The forming process is to cause plastic deformation of the stamping blank under non-destructive conditions and transform it into the required shape of the finished product, while also meeting the requirements of dimensional tolerances and other aspects.
There are two methods based on the temperature during stamping: cold stamping and hot stamping. This depends on the strength, plasticity, thickness, deformation degree, and equipment capacity of the material, while also considering the original heat treatment state and final use conditions of the material.
1. The processing of cold stamped metal at room temperature is generally suitable for billets with a thickness of less than 4mm. The advantages are no heating, no oxide skin, good surface quality, easy operation, and low cost. The disadvantage is that there is work hardening phenomenon, which can cause the metal to lose further deformation ability in severe cases. Cold stamping requires a uniform thickness and small fluctuation range of the blank, with a smooth surface, no spots, no scratches, etc.
2. Hot stamping is a stamping process that heats metal to a certain temperature range. The advantages are that it can eliminate internal stress, avoid work hardening, increase material plasticity, reduce deformation resistance, and reduce equipment power consumption.
3. Die structure: A die is a tool that causes separation or deformation of the sheet metal. It consists of two parts: the upper mold and the lower mold. The handle of the upper mold is fixed on the slider of the press, and moves up and down with the slider, while the lower mold is fixed on the workbench of the press.
The punch and concave die are the working parts in the stamping die that cause deformation or separation of the blank, and are fixed on the upper and lower templates respectively with pressure plates. The upper and lower templates are respectively equipped with guide sleeves and guide pillars to guide the alignment of the punch and the concave mold. The guide plate and positioning pin are respectively used to control the feeding direction and length of the billet. The function of the discharge plate is to release the workpiece or blank from the punch after stamping.